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What is Cloud Computing? Cloud computing is the delivery of computing resources—such as servers, storage, databases, networking, software, and analytics—over the internet (“the cloud”) instead of using local computers or on-premise servers. It allows organizations and individuals to access technology services on-demand, pay only for what they use, and scale easily without investing in physical infrastructure. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) defines cloud computing with five essential characteristics: ☁️ 1. On-demand Self-Service Users can provision computing resources automatically without requiring human interaction with each service provider. Example: A developer can launch a new server instance in AWS with just a few clicks or via an API. ☁️ 2. Broad Network Access Services are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms such as laptops, mobile phones, tablets, or thin clients. Example: Accessing Google Drive or Microsoft OneDrive from any device with internet. ☁️ 3. Resource Pooling The provider’s computing resources are pooled together to serve multiple customers (multi-tenancy). Resources are dynamically assigned and reassigned according to customer demand. Example: Multiple businesses using the same data center but with logically separated resources. ☁️ 4. Rapid Elasticity Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically scaled out or in to meet demand. To the consumer, the resources often appear unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time. Example: An e-commerce website automatically scales up servers during Black Friday sales. ☁️ 5. Measured Service Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by metering usage (like electricity or water). Customers pay only for what they consume. Example: Paying for 100 GB of cloud storage instead of maintaining your own physical storage hardware. Benefits of Cloud Computing Cost savings (no need to buy and maintain hardware). Flexibility and scalability. Accessibility from anywhere. Reliability and disaster recovery. Faster innovation and deployment.

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Lesson Title: Understanding IaaS vs PaaS vs SaaS in Cloud Computing Lesson Description This lesson introduces students to the three main service models in cloud computing: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). Learners will explore the core concepts, features, use cases, and differences between these models to understand how businesses leverage cloud technology to optimize costs, scalability, and development processes. Learning Objectives By the end of this lesson, students will be able to: Define IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS and explain how each model works. Compare the three models in terms of control, cost, and responsibility. Identify real-world examples of each service model. Evaluate the advantages and limitations of each model for different use cases. Key Topics Covered Introduction to Cloud Computing Overview of IaaS: Virtual machines, storage, networking Overview of PaaS: Development frameworks, managed services Overview of SaaS: End-user applications over the cloud Comparison Table: Control vs. Convenience Use Case Scenarios: When to choose IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS Practical Activities Group discussion on popular cloud providers (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud) Case study: Choosing the right cloud model for a startup vs. a large enterprise Hands-on exploration: Signing up for a free-tier SaaS application

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